1.It is an insect born communicable disease conveyed to human beings by the bite of an infected vector mosquito,Aedes aegypti and culex fatigans etc,caused by the causal organism is a specific filterable virus similarly related to dengue fever and characterized by influenza,Jaundice and presence of albumen in urine.It starts from a symptomless form and leads to severity rapidly fatal infection.The average mortality rate is about 10%.According to type of locality of occurrence the disease is distinguished as urban,rural or jungle yellow fever.It is not present in India.The main important animal reservoir is the monkey,in endemic areas approximately 30% monkeys are infected.Monkey is the only reservoir for jungle yellow fever.
2.Source of infection is by a infective human case or monkey is the root of spread of infection in an endemic area.The immediate source of infection for an individual is the infected vector mosquito which has fed a blood meal on an infective human case or monkey.Man possess no natural immunity against the disease.The main vector mosquito Aedes agypti bites by day and by night which raid the outskirts of plantations;further spread in community is carried by Aedes agypti.Incubation period in human beings are 2 to 6 days and in mosquito vector species are 8 to 15 days depend upon climatic conditions.Mosquito remains infective so far the rest of its life.An infected person can spread infection for about 4 to 6 days,starting from 2 to 3 days after exposure to infection.It is to prevent the entry of such persons in India for which rigorous rules and regulations are enforced.
3.Even though the man possess no natural immunity against yellow fever,an attack of the disease confers full life time immunity.In certain places many adults are immune having had the disease,in their child hood .This immunity can be ascertained by the immune bodies in their blood by the mouse protection test.Persons in non endemic areas do not have these immune bodies.Yellow fever is confined almost entire areas of of south and central America and to Africa.So far there has no cases of yellow fever in population India.In India Aedes agypti is wide spread and persons possess no immunity against yellow fever.But yellow fever has not so far entered India due to strict regulations and their rigid enforcement.
4.Preventive measures.All people coming to or passing through yellow fever area are to be immunized against yellow fever,not more than 6 years and not less than 15 days before entering the infected areas No one has been in a declared yellow fever area is to be allowed to enter India unless such a person ;has had the disease or has been inoculated with in 10 days before entering a yellow fever area.and 19 days before arrival to India or nine days elapsed between the date of leaving a yellow fever area and arrival in India.The person has been quarantined for the balance of the required period.Entry of animals from endemic areas is prohibited.Aircraft which has started from or landed
in a yellow fever area is disinfected by aerosols on arrivals in India,and anti mosquito measures in and around the ports and aerodromes are strictly carried out.
pm kutty
2.Source of infection is by a infective human case or monkey is the root of spread of infection in an endemic area.The immediate source of infection for an individual is the infected vector mosquito which has fed a blood meal on an infective human case or monkey.Man possess no natural immunity against the disease.The main vector mosquito Aedes agypti bites by day and by night which raid the outskirts of plantations;further spread in community is carried by Aedes agypti.Incubation period in human beings are 2 to 6 days and in mosquito vector species are 8 to 15 days depend upon climatic conditions.Mosquito remains infective so far the rest of its life.An infected person can spread infection for about 4 to 6 days,starting from 2 to 3 days after exposure to infection.It is to prevent the entry of such persons in India for which rigorous rules and regulations are enforced.
3.Even though the man possess no natural immunity against yellow fever,an attack of the disease confers full life time immunity.In certain places many adults are immune having had the disease,in their child hood .This immunity can be ascertained by the immune bodies in their blood by the mouse protection test.Persons in non endemic areas do not have these immune bodies.Yellow fever is confined almost entire areas of of south and central America and to Africa.So far there has no cases of yellow fever in population India.In India Aedes agypti is wide spread and persons possess no immunity against yellow fever.But yellow fever has not so far entered India due to strict regulations and their rigid enforcement.
4.Preventive measures.All people coming to or passing through yellow fever area are to be immunized against yellow fever,not more than 6 years and not less than 15 days before entering the infected areas No one has been in a declared yellow fever area is to be allowed to enter India unless such a person ;has had the disease or has been inoculated with in 10 days before entering a yellow fever area.and 19 days before arrival to India or nine days elapsed between the date of leaving a yellow fever area and arrival in India.The person has been quarantined for the balance of the required period.Entry of animals from endemic areas is prohibited.Aircraft which has started from or landed
in a yellow fever area is disinfected by aerosols on arrivals in India,and anti mosquito measures in and around the ports and aerodromes are strictly carried out.
pm kutty
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