CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES.
Diseases may be classified as acquired and hereditary. The acquired diseases can be due to metabolic changes like diabetes, degeneration structurally, De-arrangement like the neoplastic, cardio vascular diseases, cirrhosis and etc. And also due to physical injuries or chemical injuries, inherited factor like bleeding tendencies due to deviation from the natural state hemoglobin or RH factor. Allergies due to various agents in surroundings and factors, and invasion by disease producing micro-organisms.
Easy way to prevent and control of diseases.
The practical application and aim of investigation and intelligence are to prevent and control the entry and spread of diseases in communities. The better the knowledge the factors the greater is the amenability of the disease to prevent and control. The aim of prevention and control are applicable to non-communicable diseases. But a better knowledge of the specific causative agent and how it affect on the mankind makes it more possible to apply the principles of prevention and control to most communicable diseases. The knowledge of the cause and epidemiological factors has now opened the way for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases also.
Prevention and control levels
The new concept of health as the state of complete physical, mental. social well being and not merely the absence of diseases, also defines from disabilities and warrants the application of preventive and control measures in the prepathogenic, pathogenic and post pathogenic phases of diseases. The aim of the prepathogenic phase is to achieve primary prevention means health promotion by socioeconomic improvement and providing healthy housing. clothing, nutrition and living and working environments, secondly by taking specific preventive measures like immunization, water and food control, mosquito and fly control and so on. The demarcation between two types of primary preventive measures less clearly perceptible as the community development progresses further. In the pathogenic phrase the secondary prevention by early case finding and treatment aims an early cure, disability limitation and in covering the vulnerable population. It reduces dissemination of infections and limits mortality. Early treatment with new antibiotic medicines also stops the spread of infection and by suddenly sterilizing the infected discharges. For example antibiotic drugs in tuberculosis and dysentery, etc, are very effective. limitation of disability helps in early rehabilitation of the patient in the post pathogenic phase. A sudden rehabilitation prevents the recovered individual from lapsing back into ill health, mental and physical, protects the community from social disruption and distress. This is the third degree or tertiary prevention.
Chain of spread of communicable diseases.
Prevention is better than cure.Prevention of a disease means eliminating its initial entry into the community or an area or population and control means arresting its further spread or propagation after its entry in an area or community. Control inherits action to prevent invasion of the non-afflicted but exposed individuals of the inflicted area or community. As far as the non-communicable diseases are concerned, some are easily controlled to simple means of protection such as effects of cold and heat, while others want more elaborate and complicate preventive measures and control measures for example, cancer, coronary heart diseases, hypertension, injuries due to accident, radiation, occupational or industrial hazards, and etc. The orientation and training of the mind to detect the points of application and practice is required. Infectious diseases are classified according to the disease producing agent or as per route/chain and mode of transmission. As usual both these grouping methods are attended. but as they have a chain of transmission from the carrier/reservoir or source through a route upto recipient it is easy to classify them as animal borne, arthropod borne, air borne, food and water and milk borne, and so on. This classification is more easy from the point of view of control and prevention as it gives the venue of exit, transmission and entry of the infecting organism. Control measures aim at eliminating the causative agent in its reservoir at the source of its production.its destruction as soon as its exists, and before shows its specific spread interrupting its way of transmission.
Destruction of the reservoir of infection by early recognition and isolation of the cases and active suitable and antibiotic therapy which soon rids the tissues of the infecting micro organism or germs. And also blocking the spread of the infecting organism by environmental control, special control measures, personal hygiene and protection. Improving the resistance power of host by health promotion and by the use of specific vaccines and antisera to give immunity against specific disease.
Action on the occurrence of an infectious disease.
In public health practice the action to control the the communicable disease has to be done in the form of a drill which involves no elaborate thought or preparation, because the causative organism travel speedy and gain invasive force as they proceed from person to person, not unlike a spreading fire.The usual action is at first detect the disease, then isolate the case,give full treatment, for the specific period and isolate the patient specific weeks. Disinfection of ineffective materials and articles used by patient, notifications of cases to authorities concerned, separation and watching of contacts, mass immunization of vulnerable community, investigation of current outbreak and survey to assess locally or regionally occurred cases.
Chain of spread of communicable diseases.
Prevention is better than cure.Prevention of a disease means eliminating its initial entry into the community or an area or population and control means arresting its further spread or propagation after its entry in an area or community. Control inherits action to prevent invasion of the non-afflicted but exposed individuals of the inflicted area or community. As far as the non-communicable diseases are concerned, some are easily controlled to simple means of protection such as effects of cold and heat, while others want more elaborate and complicate preventive measures and control measures for example, cancer, coronary heart diseases, hypertension, injuries due to accident, radiation, occupational or industrial hazards, and etc. The orientation and training of the mind to detect the points of application and practice is required. Infectious diseases are classified according to the disease producing agent or as per route/chain and mode of transmission. As usual both these grouping methods are attended. but as they have a chain of transmission from the carrier/reservoir or source through a route upto recipient it is easy to classify them as animal borne, arthropod borne, air borne, food and water and milk borne, and so on. This classification is more easy from the point of view of control and prevention as it gives the venue of exit, transmission and entry of the infecting organism. Control measures aim at eliminating the causative agent in its reservoir at the source of its production.its destruction as soon as its exists, and before shows its specific spread interrupting its way of transmission.
Destruction of the reservoir of infection by early recognition and isolation of the cases and active suitable and antibiotic therapy which soon rids the tissues of the infecting micro organism or germs. And also blocking the spread of the infecting organism by environmental control, special control measures, personal hygiene and protection. Improving the resistance power of host by health promotion and by the use of specific vaccines and antisera to give immunity against specific disease.
Action on the occurrence of an infectious disease.
In public health practice the action to control the the communicable disease has to be done in the form of a drill which involves no elaborate thought or preparation, because the causative organism travel speedy and gain invasive force as they proceed from person to person, not unlike a spreading fire.The usual action is at first detect the disease, then isolate the case,give full treatment, for the specific period and isolate the patient specific weeks. Disinfection of ineffective materials and articles used by patient, notifications of cases to authorities concerned, separation and watching of contacts, mass immunization of vulnerable community, investigation of current outbreak and survey to assess locally or regionally occurred cases.
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