Dental health
Oral and dental health has a profound influence on the general health of a person.Efficient mastication is essential for digestion of food is of course solely dependent on healthy gums.Besides infections of teeth and gums provide primary septic foci for a variety of systemic diseases.A foul mouth is not only a healthy liability but also a social and psychological barrier,.from all these point of view the dental health is importance for preservation of general health.The process of digestion of food starts from mouth and teeth make it easy.
Thus all must be conversant with its essentials.No methods of absolute control of or achieving complete immunity against any of the dental disorders exists as no specific drug or vaccine which will exert a definite protective action against dental diseases has been discovered.However,our present knowledge has a wide
scope for prevention of many dental diseases/conditions and partial or relative control of certain diseases by employment of certain procedures such as oral hygiene and prophylaxis and prosthesis and physiotherapy.
Dental diseases can be permanently arrested if corrective measures are taken early in their course,where by
the extent of the lesions is limited and serious destruction of tissue is prevented
Practice of oral hygiene is the most important means of prevention of dental diseases.Oral hygiene may be
defined as the science of achieving oral health and its preservation by employment of all measures which tent to decrease the incidence of oral diseases and,by the early application of operative procedures,to arrest the
progress of lesions which have already occurred.The greatest success in the prevention of dental diseases lies in the use of those specific measures which tent to inhibit progress of the disease process.
The structure of the teeth: There are two sets of teeth,namely milky tooth and permanent set.normal tooth for an adult is 30 to 32 if wisdom tooth has come.normal dental point for an adult is 20 to 22.Names of the teeth are molar-3,premolar-2,canine-1,and incisor-2,and molar has got 2 points for each and rest are one point for each.Minimum 16 dental points are required for normal mastication of food for digestion.if a molar is extracted 2 points are vanished and other tooth one is extracted one point is lost.thus you can count your dental points..Minimum 16 dental points are required for fitness for medical examination of recruits.The teeth are hard,calcified structures set firmly in bone sockets in the upper and lower jaws by means of a root or roots.The part visible in the mouth is the crown.The hard shiny substance that covers the crown is enamel.The bone like substance covering covering the root is cementum.A substance that forms the body of the teeth is dentin
Functions of teeth: The primary functions of the teeth is firmly to bite and cut the large and hard pieces of food and grinding to reduce to a pulpy mass so as to thoroughly mix it with saliva which changes the starches of food into sugar.For efficient performance of this function the upper and lower teeth should meet in a good bite and normal occlusion. Occlusion means.the relation of upper and lower teeth which each other when the jaws come together in biting or chewing which is hampered when occlusion is faulty.Chewing ability depend upon the soundness of teeth,firmness and hardness of enamel and uniformity of occlusion and strength of jaws.chewing the fibrous foods such as meat,apple,carrots,radish celery and etc, so on endows these properties,benefits the gum by stimulating blood circulation through them and also develops the jaws.Children should be taught to chew their foods thoroughly for many times,and not to crack nuts and very hard bones pieces as it may damage enamel,so that the teeth and its supporting structures develop properly as well- function of organ.Missing teeth cause the cheeks to sink and develop wrinkles.The unpleasing expression due to irregular or missing teeth may cause self-consciousness and inferiority complex and hence social maladjustment.Teeth and their supporting structures thus considerably affect the personality of such individuals concerned
Loss of teeth has always been considered to be the normal phenomenon of aging,but now it is now recognized as a direct result of a pathological process. Periodontal disease known as "Pyorrhea" and dental caries(black cavity occurring in teeth) are the most prevalent of the pathological process causing teeth loss.
Before about 30 years of age the dental caries and after that age, periodontal diseases are responsible for loss of more teeth than other causes combined ;the latter causing 3 to 7 times more teeth loss than the former,However,significant difference is taking.place owing to the emergence of the concept of Prevention rather than repair and replacement in dentistry.Periodontal diseases and its etiological causes and dental caries and causes are not explained herewith and preventive measures are given below,since" prevention is better than cure".
Prevention of dental caries..Dental caries is decaying of teeth.It is most wide spread disease and cause much suffering and teeth loss.Excessive conception of sugar and other carbohydrates especially in childhood is a major factor in causing tooth decay,An acid formed by the action of LactoBacillus acidophilus on sugar deminerilises tooth structure,the enamel and the destine,The severity of action depend upon the the concentration of acid and length of its contact with the tooth.Most vulnerable parts are the pits and fissures and primal surfaces then, will proceed into destine and pulp unless treatment is given. The oral hygiene achieved by regular brushing of teeth after every meal thorough rinsing of the mouth.It should be implemented more strictly in childhood.Restriction of sugar intake in childhood specially in the form of sweets and candies as these are sucked for a long time.This is a very important measure and it is contrary/corollary to oral hygiene.Fluoridation of water supply,The benefits last for life.The quantity of fluoride required for the purposes is one part per million parts of water.Topical application of 20 percent sodium fluoride four applications at the age of 3,7,10 and 13 years suffice.A frequent dental examination is important because it enables the dental surgeon to discover small or hidden cavity while they may be filled early and.with little discomfort,,.Diet.during the years of deciduous teeth are erupting and permanent teeth are being formed in the jaws,an adequate supply of calcium is especially important in the diet,since once the teeth are formed and calcified,they can not absorb any more calcium .A balanced diet throughout life is very important.Foods selected not only for their nutritional requirements but also for there physical character,Raw fruits and vegetables and other foods that require hard chewing help keep the teeth clean and to exercise the jaws. .
Prevention and control of periodontist is..
Severe periodontal disease is found less commonly in children ,and a large number of this disease is found in adults may be due to poor care of teeth during younger age and neglect of gingivitis when it develops.Dental health education must be given its proper way to motivate the individual to practice oral hygiene.Dental hygienist imparting dental health education,securing effective motivation of the individual to follow a prescribed routine in oral hygiene,prophylaxis and physiotherapy regularly to clear the teeth of all calculi.Since it is mostly chronic,destructive,painless and with out any major discomfort in its early stages,it is likely to escape the attention of the patient till it reaches to its advanced stages.Check up with a dental surgeon reaches to its advanced stages.The correction of malocclusion is necessary in preventing and arresting periodontal disease.A missing tooth is to be replaced by an artificial one,No Powders or mouth washes can prevent,dissolve or remove deposits of calculus or prevent or cure periodontists and can not,so,substitute for careful dental hygiene,by self and periodical oral prophylaxis by dental surgeon."Cures for Pyorrhea"advertised in news papers and magazines are of no value may even be harmful.
Malocclusion.A abnormal tooth arrangement and defects in fitting together of the teeth on closing the jaws are called malocclusion.The specialist field in dentistry which deals with detection,study,prevention and correction of these irregularities is called orthodontists. Malocclusion may be harmful to health for the following reasons..
Irregularities of teeth may impair mastication efficiency.They also may prevent the individual from choosing the proper foods for required nutrition.In later life severe crowding of teeth can be a factor in periodontal diseases.The child may develop psychological handicap due to facial disharmony produced by malocclusion.It may contribute also to certain types of speech defects.If the teeth are not in correct position
may have a an opportunity for retention of food participles and debris.so,maintenance oral hygiene becomes
difficult.more over it may also be responsible for greater dental caries attack.
Important causes of malocclusion are,hereditary,over retention of milky tooth,premature eruption of permanent teeth,premature loss of milky tooth due to caries,and abnormal sucking and biting habits and abnormal sleeping postures and mouth breathing and systemic disease-endocrine disorders,nutritional deficiencies.To prevent and remedy these conditions measures can be taken.Irregularities of tooth position and abnormalities of the jaws can be prevented.The dental decay may be controlled so that no premature loss of teeth;over retained teeth can be removed to avoid over crowding.Habits giving rise to abnormal pressure on the dentofacial structure can be either prevented or broken.
Replacement of missing teeth.Complete loss of natural teeth causes mental disturbance,there fore a period of emotional adjustment is needed to condition the individual to live with artificial teeth.A new denture wearer may experience difficulty in speech and feeling of a presence a foreign material in the mouth.All these types of difficulties disappear in course of time with the progressive use of the dentures.Facial expressions may be altered at first slightly,but with the use of artificial dentures the muscles of expression in the cheeks and lips become adjusted to function normally and the natural facial expression returns.The maintenance and care of dentures are;,must be kept clean and free from deposits,whenever kept out side from mouth,be kept in cold water,cleaned with cleaning agent with proper brush and washed in running water before and after use,and periodical check for mastication efficiency also be observed.Care of dentures bearing tissues should be taken The dentures should be kept out of mouth at night unless otherwise advised.The mouth should be thoroughly rinsed in the morning and oral tissue should be cleaned with finger after each meal before going to bed at night.Any abnormal feeling and changes in the tissues under the dentures should be shown to dental surgeon.There being no other points in my memory this article on dental health has come to an end.
pmkutty
Oral and dental health has a profound influence on the general health of a person.Efficient mastication is essential for digestion of food is of course solely dependent on healthy gums.Besides infections of teeth and gums provide primary septic foci for a variety of systemic diseases.A foul mouth is not only a healthy liability but also a social and psychological barrier,.from all these point of view the dental health is importance for preservation of general health.The process of digestion of food starts from mouth and teeth make it easy.
Thus all must be conversant with its essentials.No methods of absolute control of or achieving complete immunity against any of the dental disorders exists as no specific drug or vaccine which will exert a definite protective action against dental diseases has been discovered.However,our present knowledge has a wide
scope for prevention of many dental diseases/conditions and partial or relative control of certain diseases by employment of certain procedures such as oral hygiene and prophylaxis and prosthesis and physiotherapy.
Dental diseases can be permanently arrested if corrective measures are taken early in their course,where by
the extent of the lesions is limited and serious destruction of tissue is prevented
Practice of oral hygiene is the most important means of prevention of dental diseases.Oral hygiene may be
defined as the science of achieving oral health and its preservation by employment of all measures which tent to decrease the incidence of oral diseases and,by the early application of operative procedures,to arrest the
progress of lesions which have already occurred.The greatest success in the prevention of dental diseases lies in the use of those specific measures which tent to inhibit progress of the disease process.
The structure of the teeth: There are two sets of teeth,namely milky tooth and permanent set.normal tooth for an adult is 30 to 32 if wisdom tooth has come.normal dental point for an adult is 20 to 22.Names of the teeth are molar-3,premolar-2,canine-1,and incisor-2,and molar has got 2 points for each and rest are one point for each.Minimum 16 dental points are required for normal mastication of food for digestion.if a molar is extracted 2 points are vanished and other tooth one is extracted one point is lost.thus you can count your dental points..Minimum 16 dental points are required for fitness for medical examination of recruits.The teeth are hard,calcified structures set firmly in bone sockets in the upper and lower jaws by means of a root or roots.The part visible in the mouth is the crown.The hard shiny substance that covers the crown is enamel.The bone like substance covering covering the root is cementum.A substance that forms the body of the teeth is dentin
Functions of teeth: The primary functions of the teeth is firmly to bite and cut the large and hard pieces of food and grinding to reduce to a pulpy mass so as to thoroughly mix it with saliva which changes the starches of food into sugar.For efficient performance of this function the upper and lower teeth should meet in a good bite and normal occlusion. Occlusion means.the relation of upper and lower teeth which each other when the jaws come together in biting or chewing which is hampered when occlusion is faulty.Chewing ability depend upon the soundness of teeth,firmness and hardness of enamel and uniformity of occlusion and strength of jaws.chewing the fibrous foods such as meat,apple,carrots,radish celery and etc, so on endows these properties,benefits the gum by stimulating blood circulation through them and also develops the jaws.Children should be taught to chew their foods thoroughly for many times,and not to crack nuts and very hard bones pieces as it may damage enamel,so that the teeth and its supporting structures develop properly as well- function of organ.Missing teeth cause the cheeks to sink and develop wrinkles.The unpleasing expression due to irregular or missing teeth may cause self-consciousness and inferiority complex and hence social maladjustment.Teeth and their supporting structures thus considerably affect the personality of such individuals concerned
Loss of teeth has always been considered to be the normal phenomenon of aging,but now it is now recognized as a direct result of a pathological process. Periodontal disease known as "Pyorrhea" and dental caries(black cavity occurring in teeth) are the most prevalent of the pathological process causing teeth loss.
Before about 30 years of age the dental caries and after that age, periodontal diseases are responsible for loss of more teeth than other causes combined ;the latter causing 3 to 7 times more teeth loss than the former,However,significant difference is taking.place owing to the emergence of the concept of Prevention rather than repair and replacement in dentistry.Periodontal diseases and its etiological causes and dental caries and causes are not explained herewith and preventive measures are given below,since" prevention is better than cure".
Prevention of dental caries..Dental caries is decaying of teeth.It is most wide spread disease and cause much suffering and teeth loss.Excessive conception of sugar and other carbohydrates especially in childhood is a major factor in causing tooth decay,An acid formed by the action of LactoBacillus acidophilus on sugar deminerilises tooth structure,the enamel and the destine,The severity of action depend upon the the concentration of acid and length of its contact with the tooth.Most vulnerable parts are the pits and fissures and primal surfaces then, will proceed into destine and pulp unless treatment is given. The oral hygiene achieved by regular brushing of teeth after every meal thorough rinsing of the mouth.It should be implemented more strictly in childhood.Restriction of sugar intake in childhood specially in the form of sweets and candies as these are sucked for a long time.This is a very important measure and it is contrary/corollary to oral hygiene.Fluoridation of water supply,The benefits last for life.The quantity of fluoride required for the purposes is one part per million parts of water.Topical application of 20 percent sodium fluoride four applications at the age of 3,7,10 and 13 years suffice.A frequent dental examination is important because it enables the dental surgeon to discover small or hidden cavity while they may be filled early and.with little discomfort,,.Diet.during the years of deciduous teeth are erupting and permanent teeth are being formed in the jaws,an adequate supply of calcium is especially important in the diet,since once the teeth are formed and calcified,they can not absorb any more calcium .A balanced diet throughout life is very important.Foods selected not only for their nutritional requirements but also for there physical character,Raw fruits and vegetables and other foods that require hard chewing help keep the teeth clean and to exercise the jaws. .
Prevention and control of periodontist is..
Severe periodontal disease is found less commonly in children ,and a large number of this disease is found in adults may be due to poor care of teeth during younger age and neglect of gingivitis when it develops.Dental health education must be given its proper way to motivate the individual to practice oral hygiene.Dental hygienist imparting dental health education,securing effective motivation of the individual to follow a prescribed routine in oral hygiene,prophylaxis and physiotherapy regularly to clear the teeth of all calculi.Since it is mostly chronic,destructive,painless and with out any major discomfort in its early stages,it is likely to escape the attention of the patient till it reaches to its advanced stages.Check up with a dental surgeon reaches to its advanced stages.The correction of malocclusion is necessary in preventing and arresting periodontal disease.A missing tooth is to be replaced by an artificial one,No Powders or mouth washes can prevent,dissolve or remove deposits of calculus or prevent or cure periodontists and can not,so,substitute for careful dental hygiene,by self and periodical oral prophylaxis by dental surgeon."Cures for Pyorrhea"advertised in news papers and magazines are of no value may even be harmful.
Malocclusion.A abnormal tooth arrangement and defects in fitting together of the teeth on closing the jaws are called malocclusion.The specialist field in dentistry which deals with detection,study,prevention and correction of these irregularities is called orthodontists. Malocclusion may be harmful to health for the following reasons..
Irregularities of teeth may impair mastication efficiency.They also may prevent the individual from choosing the proper foods for required nutrition.In later life severe crowding of teeth can be a factor in periodontal diseases.The child may develop psychological handicap due to facial disharmony produced by malocclusion.It may contribute also to certain types of speech defects.If the teeth are not in correct position
may have a an opportunity for retention of food participles and debris.so,maintenance oral hygiene becomes
difficult.more over it may also be responsible for greater dental caries attack.
Important causes of malocclusion are,hereditary,over retention of milky tooth,premature eruption of permanent teeth,premature loss of milky tooth due to caries,and abnormal sucking and biting habits and abnormal sleeping postures and mouth breathing and systemic disease-endocrine disorders,nutritional deficiencies.To prevent and remedy these conditions measures can be taken.Irregularities of tooth position and abnormalities of the jaws can be prevented.The dental decay may be controlled so that no premature loss of teeth;over retained teeth can be removed to avoid over crowding.Habits giving rise to abnormal pressure on the dentofacial structure can be either prevented or broken.
Replacement of missing teeth.Complete loss of natural teeth causes mental disturbance,there fore a period of emotional adjustment is needed to condition the individual to live with artificial teeth.A new denture wearer may experience difficulty in speech and feeling of a presence a foreign material in the mouth.All these types of difficulties disappear in course of time with the progressive use of the dentures.Facial expressions may be altered at first slightly,but with the use of artificial dentures the muscles of expression in the cheeks and lips become adjusted to function normally and the natural facial expression returns.The maintenance and care of dentures are;,must be kept clean and free from deposits,whenever kept out side from mouth,be kept in cold water,cleaned with cleaning agent with proper brush and washed in running water before and after use,and periodical check for mastication efficiency also be observed.Care of dentures bearing tissues should be taken The dentures should be kept out of mouth at night unless otherwise advised.The mouth should be thoroughly rinsed in the morning and oral tissue should be cleaned with finger after each meal before going to bed at night.Any abnormal feeling and changes in the tissues under the dentures should be shown to dental surgeon.There being no other points in my memory this article on dental health has come to an end.
pmkutty
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