Health is wealth.
The story of hygiene is the story of man striving to overcome the adverse environment created by himself,either in waging war or preparing for war.It was released in the past,as it is universally agreed today,that losses of man due to diseases from sickness far exceed the losses due to battle field wounds.Frederick of Prussia said"fevers cost me as many men as seven battles.saying that is as true when Frederick cried it 120 years ago.As a matter of hygiene,Moses was the first leader/commander who laid down the laws
of hygiene in the book of Deuteronomy,and much of what he then wrote holds good even today.He dealt with water and food supplies,burial of dead,general sanitation,infectious diseases,bathing,sex hygiene and even selection of people. He also emphasized that certain intestinal diseases could be controlled if the people
could be taught not to pollute the top of ground with their body wastes.To him belongs the honour of of having the shallow trench latrine.
25 hundred years ago,wise men of Indus Valley civilizations knew that drainage maintained health of the people.In the Vedic period Hippocrafts,the important of sanitation was much emphasized.The celebrated
philosopher and physician Charaka and the skilled surgeon Susuta in B.C 1000 laid emphasis on hygiene.
References in respect of camp sanitation are also found in Susrutas works where it was enjoined on medical men that they should be aware of the possible harm effects to the health of men and animals through shelters,food,fuel and etc,by taking all possible preventive measures against any harm of their health.In Chapter 7 of the Mahabharatha (B.C 600) Karna,the commander in chief of the Kauravas warned that the prevalence fly nuisance,appearance of swarms of crows and vultures and epidemic intestinal diseases were the sure precursors of defeat.It is also stated in "Artha Shasta of Kautilya"political strategist to Chandra Gupta (B.C 350) Chapter 129,section 10,that the camps should be sited by a survey party comprising of a surveyor,a combatant officer,an engineer and a meteorologist.The duties of the survey party consisted in the selection of site with due consideration to or the nature of the terrain,character of soil,meteorological conditions such as the temperature,humidity variations,shelter from strong wind and sun,to ensure its suitability appropriate to human beings whether at rest or action.In the Mahabharatha in Chapter 7 orders were issued on the mobilization troops,in respect of selection and establishment of water points and siting of water points at such places not liable to contamination,.Kautilya warned that in the field,where likely water is to be scarce,important of pure water carried in water cart or by each man on his person was not to be forgotten.
The reduction of incidence of communicable diseases through general improvement in environs by exogenous methods may reach its limit in the near future.Further improvement in the morbidity due to the communicable disease and non communicable diseases will need conscious efforts on the part of the people themselves.
Health education of persons and their families is,therefore,of utmost importance in addition to the continuance
of efforts to further improve their environment conditions.Specific control and preventive measures against individual ailments or a rational group of ailments should be adopted.In order to evolve such control/preventive measures etiology and epidemiology of such ailments of both groups needs exhaustive and
intensive study.Non communicable diseases have been less sensitive than the communicable diseases to the socio-environmental diseases .The overall morbidity rate per 1000 of strength decreased from 1322 to 223 during the past 85 years.Incidence of communicable came down to 78 from 989 per 1000 strength and made a contribution of over 70 percent towards the improvement of overall morbidity incidence;non -communicable disease also decreased but as compared with the spectacular fall of 92 percent in the incidence of communicable diseases,this group showed a fall of 56 percent during the same period 1950.
Caesar paid utmost attention to physical fitness of of the men,particularly to their bathing and to their sanitation.Marlborough concentrated on clothing and feeding,and his troops were best fed and clothed of its day in Europe.In Mahabharatha reference exists in respects of large stocks provisions e.g honey,ghee,made available for sale to troops at controlled rates in order to maintain the nutrition of soldier..Parkes,professor of at the British army medical school,later R.A.M ,College,was the first scientific military hygienist.He lived from 1819 to 1876,and his efforts to improve the living conditions of men as such remarkable and world wide effect that, when he died,Von Molke said :"Every regiment in Europe ought to parade on the day of
Dr. Parkes funeral and present arms in honour of one of the greatest friends a soldier ever end"
And so the story goes on -each doing what he could with imperfect knowledge.But it was until wold war one 1914-1918 that rational and scientific study of hygiene was made.Then and since a worthwhile result has been achieved,and many of the diseases like malaria,decentery,jaundice/ineffective hepatitis are reduced.
The health is a battle winning actor is well established truth.During the talk on strategy Admiral Mount batten said; "more serious than monsoon ,however,was the incidence of tropical diseases.The jungles of Burma are infested with malaria mosquitoes,scrub typhus mites,and the bacteria and amoeba of dysentery,Between them these presented a more redoubtable enemy than the Japanese themselves.Then therefore,I set up
at once, an inter services,inter allied medical advisory division to help with research and to organise an offensive drive against disease to be waged by the medical services.The enemy had no medical advisory division and appears to have made NO advance in medical research.As our own troops became more immune to circumstances against which the Japanese had no remedy,I was determined to enlist disease an additional weapon on our side and deliberately chose unhealthy areas in which to fight" .and thus war won.
Reference in respect of naval hygiene also exists.Cap cook the commander of ships scanning the Pacific found the effects citrus fruits,specialy lemon,on the health of sailors.In fact the first vitamin to be described
Vitamin C and the the first alphabet of his name.Nelson interested himself in the prevention of scurvy,and introduced the issue of lemon in the Royal Navy which caused the Royal Merener(later all British sailors) to be nick named as "LIMY".James Lind ,a naval surgeon who lived from 1716 to 1765, had ideas a century and half ahead on his time.He recommended the delousing sailors and backing or their infested clothing as a means of preventing typhus;he knew as much about scurvy as we do today and his recommendation for the introduction of lemon juice in the navy as a daily issue contributed materially to naval victories at the time of Nelson.He introduced the sand filtration of water and the production of drinking water by distillation from sea water.
Thus morbidity and mortality depend upon the health of personnel.
pmkutty
The story of hygiene is the story of man striving to overcome the adverse environment created by himself,either in waging war or preparing for war.It was released in the past,as it is universally agreed today,that losses of man due to diseases from sickness far exceed the losses due to battle field wounds.Frederick of Prussia said"fevers cost me as many men as seven battles.saying that is as true when Frederick cried it 120 years ago.As a matter of hygiene,Moses was the first leader/commander who laid down the laws
of hygiene in the book of Deuteronomy,and much of what he then wrote holds good even today.He dealt with water and food supplies,burial of dead,general sanitation,infectious diseases,bathing,sex hygiene and even selection of people. He also emphasized that certain intestinal diseases could be controlled if the people
could be taught not to pollute the top of ground with their body wastes.To him belongs the honour of of having the shallow trench latrine.
25 hundred years ago,wise men of Indus Valley civilizations knew that drainage maintained health of the people.In the Vedic period Hippocrafts,the important of sanitation was much emphasized.The celebrated
philosopher and physician Charaka and the skilled surgeon Susuta in B.C 1000 laid emphasis on hygiene.
References in respect of camp sanitation are also found in Susrutas works where it was enjoined on medical men that they should be aware of the possible harm effects to the health of men and animals through shelters,food,fuel and etc,by taking all possible preventive measures against any harm of their health.In Chapter 7 of the Mahabharatha (B.C 600) Karna,the commander in chief of the Kauravas warned that the prevalence fly nuisance,appearance of swarms of crows and vultures and epidemic intestinal diseases were the sure precursors of defeat.It is also stated in "Artha Shasta of Kautilya"political strategist to Chandra Gupta (B.C 350) Chapter 129,section 10,that the camps should be sited by a survey party comprising of a surveyor,a combatant officer,an engineer and a meteorologist.The duties of the survey party consisted in the selection of site with due consideration to or the nature of the terrain,character of soil,meteorological conditions such as the temperature,humidity variations,shelter from strong wind and sun,to ensure its suitability appropriate to human beings whether at rest or action.In the Mahabharatha in Chapter 7 orders were issued on the mobilization troops,in respect of selection and establishment of water points and siting of water points at such places not liable to contamination,.Kautilya warned that in the field,where likely water is to be scarce,important of pure water carried in water cart or by each man on his person was not to be forgotten.
The reduction of incidence of communicable diseases through general improvement in environs by exogenous methods may reach its limit in the near future.Further improvement in the morbidity due to the communicable disease and non communicable diseases will need conscious efforts on the part of the people themselves.
Health education of persons and their families is,therefore,of utmost importance in addition to the continuance
of efforts to further improve their environment conditions.Specific control and preventive measures against individual ailments or a rational group of ailments should be adopted.In order to evolve such control/preventive measures etiology and epidemiology of such ailments of both groups needs exhaustive and
intensive study.Non communicable diseases have been less sensitive than the communicable diseases to the socio-environmental diseases .The overall morbidity rate per 1000 of strength decreased from 1322 to 223 during the past 85 years.Incidence of communicable came down to 78 from 989 per 1000 strength and made a contribution of over 70 percent towards the improvement of overall morbidity incidence;non -communicable disease also decreased but as compared with the spectacular fall of 92 percent in the incidence of communicable diseases,this group showed a fall of 56 percent during the same period 1950.
Caesar paid utmost attention to physical fitness of of the men,particularly to their bathing and to their sanitation.Marlborough concentrated on clothing and feeding,and his troops were best fed and clothed of its day in Europe.In Mahabharatha reference exists in respects of large stocks provisions e.g honey,ghee,made available for sale to troops at controlled rates in order to maintain the nutrition of soldier..Parkes,professor of at the British army medical school,later R.A.M ,College,was the first scientific military hygienist.He lived from 1819 to 1876,and his efforts to improve the living conditions of men as such remarkable and world wide effect that, when he died,Von Molke said :"Every regiment in Europe ought to parade on the day of
Dr. Parkes funeral and present arms in honour of one of the greatest friends a soldier ever end"
And so the story goes on -each doing what he could with imperfect knowledge.But it was until wold war one 1914-1918 that rational and scientific study of hygiene was made.Then and since a worthwhile result has been achieved,and many of the diseases like malaria,decentery,jaundice/ineffective hepatitis are reduced.
The health is a battle winning actor is well established truth.During the talk on strategy Admiral Mount batten said; "more serious than monsoon ,however,was the incidence of tropical diseases.The jungles of Burma are infested with malaria mosquitoes,scrub typhus mites,and the bacteria and amoeba of dysentery,Between them these presented a more redoubtable enemy than the Japanese themselves.Then therefore,I set up
at once, an inter services,inter allied medical advisory division to help with research and to organise an offensive drive against disease to be waged by the medical services.The enemy had no medical advisory division and appears to have made NO advance in medical research.As our own troops became more immune to circumstances against which the Japanese had no remedy,I was determined to enlist disease an additional weapon on our side and deliberately chose unhealthy areas in which to fight" .and thus war won.
Reference in respect of naval hygiene also exists.Cap cook the commander of ships scanning the Pacific found the effects citrus fruits,specialy lemon,on the health of sailors.In fact the first vitamin to be described
Vitamin C and the the first alphabet of his name.Nelson interested himself in the prevention of scurvy,and introduced the issue of lemon in the Royal Navy which caused the Royal Merener(later all British sailors) to be nick named as "LIMY".James Lind ,a naval surgeon who lived from 1716 to 1765, had ideas a century and half ahead on his time.He recommended the delousing sailors and backing or their infested clothing as a means of preventing typhus;he knew as much about scurvy as we do today and his recommendation for the introduction of lemon juice in the navy as a daily issue contributed materially to naval victories at the time of Nelson.He introduced the sand filtration of water and the production of drinking water by distillation from sea water.
Thus morbidity and mortality depend upon the health of personnel.
pmkutty
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